International products and purchase intention in Jordan among consumer ethnocentrism

This study attempts to validate the Antecedents of Consumer Ethnocentrism and determine causal relationships between the specified antecedents and customer ethnocentrism in light of customer behavior in a less developed country Jordan. Seven antecedents were identified: culture openness, conservatism, collectivism, patriotism, control belief, interest in foreign travel and attitude toward foreign product. Each variable is measured by a 7-point Likert-scale of various developed past scales. Consumer ethnocentrism was measured using the CETSCALE 17 items. An 84 percent response rate was collected from 120 questionnaires distributed. Confirmatory factor analysis performed on the data reveals that the measurement model and structural model are statistically fit. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis establishes causal relationships between cultural openness, control belief, foreign travel, attitude and ethnocentrism

An Empirical Investigation to Validate the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in Explaining Intentions to Shop Online in Saudi Arabia using SEM

This study uses structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate how theoretically applicable the technology acceptance model (TAM) in an online shopping context in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Three hundred and twenty-two subjects participated in a pre-piloted questionnaire survey that was created using existing scales from prior TAM instruments, which were modified when appropriate. Response rate was 96.2%. Our findings showed that our model is able to create an understanding that is better than the original online shopping intention model. Our results also showed that direct paths from bother perceived usefulness additional perceived ease of use to online shopping intentions would help to improve the model's predictive power and would improve fit more than the original TAM model would. The model explains 81 percent of Saudi consumers' intentions to continue shopping online and can be generalized across Riyadh. Keywords: Usefulness, Ease of use, Attitude, TAM, SEM, KS

Ethnocentrism and Attitude of Jordanian Consumers towards Foreign Products

Consumer purchase behaviour toward foreign products has been for many years an area of ongoing interest in fields that span both consumer behavior and international marketing. This thesis, which is based on the concepts of Theory of Reasoned Action(TRA) and ethnocentrism (CET), has the following objectives, (1) measure the level of the consumer ethnocentrism among Jordanian consumer in Amman, (2)determinants that influence consumer behavior towards foreign products, (3) explain the structural interrelationships between the external variables conservatism, interest in travel within TRA model, (4) validate and generate a research model that will be able to demonstrate actual purchase consumer behaviour towards foreign products in Jordan. A questionnaire consisting of names of the variables (interest in foreign travel, conservatism, consumer ethnocentrism, attitude toward foreign product, intention toward foreign product, and actual purchase toward foreign product) was used to collect the data for this study. Phone calls were made to 518 households' respondents in Amman. This was done based on systematic random sampling using the telephone directory of Jordan (Yellow Pages). The survey yielded 382 usable questionnaires, with a response rate of 73.74%. Statistical analysis methods (SPSS) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with AMOS version 7.0 were used to analyse data. The findings indicate that the level of ethnocentrism among Jordanian consumers in Amman is low, (2) all three predictors (conservatism, attitude toward foreign product, and intention) are significant factors influencing purchase behavior, (3) all direct relationships were supported, except interest in travel, (4) all indirect effects were supported, except that intention was not found to be a mediator between "ATT" and "ACT", (5) the TRA with external factors can partially explain the research model (interest in travel is not a significant factor affecting attitude), (6) the results showed that our modified model "GM" predicts Jordanian behavior to buy foreign product more effectively than the original TRA model. Using SEM, the Model Generating (MG) confirmed better fit and larger parsimony compared with the hypothesized (SC) and Alternative Model (AM), as shown in the GOF index, CMIN/df = 1.049; GFI = 0.940; RMSEA = 0.011; TLI = 0.999; P-value = 0.259; SMC = 0.77. This study has several valuable implications. Telephone survey used in this study could be considered as a big contribution. Most previous discussions on Jordanian CET were mainly journalistic account in nature or non-academic findings. They are economic experts who proclaimed in different occasion about there vision towards the Jordanian consumer preferences and the impact of these preferences. Our results contribute to the empirical research findings thus supporting narration and previous proclamations made by Jordanian writers. SEM is strongly recommended for better quality model testing and generating with AMOS software. The two external variables were added, which increased the power of the TRA model and helped towards the ongoing efforts of theory-building in this field. This approach should be continued in future research. In view of the low ethnocentrism, positive attitude and high intention toward foreign product among local consumers in Amman which increases the cash flow toward foreign product (high deficit), it would be appropriate to suggest the following recommendations: (i) an increase in import tariff will unambiguously lead to a general increase in price, since, in equilibrium, tariffs may be imposed to increase the cost of imported goods in relation to domestic production, thereby reducing the volume of imports and keeping the balance of payments in credit, or to protect domestic industry from foreign competition and will improve the demand on the home made products, (ii) launch a national campaign to increase the level and awareness of ethnocentrism among Jordanian consumers to encourage people to buy local and support local products Investigating the purchase behaviour toward foreign products based only on consumer perspective can be a limitation of this study. Future research can investigate such fields as business purchase behaviour or government purchase behaviour, which may have been neglected here

Impact of digital marketing on consumer behavior: A quantitative analysis on fast fashion industry in the KSA

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of digital marketing on consumer behavior in the fast fashion industry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The fast fashion industry has been growing rapidly in the KSA, and digital marketing has played a significant role in changing consumer behavior in this industry. The study adopted a quantitative research design and used online surveys as the primary data collection method. The sample consisted of a convenient sample of participants who had purchased fast fashion products in the KSA. The data was analyzed using various statistical methods, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. This study's findings shed new light on how digital marketing has affected customer behavior in the fast fashion sector in the KSA. Consumers in the KSA have a good reaction to digital marketing methods in the fast fashion industry, and this effect is significant

The impact of e-banking service quality on the sustainable customer satisfaction: Evidence from the Saudi Arabia commercial banking sector

The banking sector around the globe has witnessed a huge development in its services and products. The electronic banking services are considered as a competitive advantage for the banking sector. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of e-banking service quality on customer satisfaction in the context of Saudi Arabian commercial banks. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used in the study. A sample of 308 customers from the banking sector participated in this study. The researchers have developed a self-structured questionnaire to collect the relevant data. In addition, secondary data was gathered from published sources, including websites, journal papers, and publications of the chosen commercial banks. The findings of this study show that the eight service quality dimensions; reliability, transactional efficiency, customer support, service security, ease of use, performance, satisfaction with service quality and service content have a significant impact on the level of user's satisfaction with e-banking in the Saudi Arabian commercial banks

Antecedents of consumer ethnocentrism

This study attempts to validate the antecedents of consumer ethnocentrism and determine causal relationships between the specified antecedents and customer ethnocentrism in light of customer behavior in a less developed country Jordan. Seven antecedents were identified: culture openness, conservatism, collectivism, patriotism, control belief, interest in foreign travel and attitude toward foreign product. Each variable is measured by a 7-point Likert-scale of various developed past scales. Consumer ethnocentrism was measured using the CETSCALE 17 items. An 84 percent response rate was collected from 120 questionnaires distributed. Confirmatory factor analysis performed on the data reveals that the measurement model and structural model are statistically fit. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis establishes causal relationships between cultural openness, control belief, foreign travel, attitude and ethnocentrism